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Smith BioAdvisory
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Smith BioAdvisory
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  • Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL12, IL15, and IFN alpha have long been attractive means of armoring cell therapies, but come with risks of uncontrolled distribution and activity. In these posters and publications, I worked at Obsidian Therapeutics to control the expression of those cytokines.

    Publications

    1. Innes MC, Smith SG et al. Carbonic anhydrase 2-derived drug-responsive domain regulates membrane-bound cytokine expression and function in engineered T cells. Communications Biology (2025)

    Patents

    1. Sethi D, Smith SG, Ols M et al. Compositions and systems for regulation of function/abundance and delivery of polypeptide payloads. WO2023069418A2

    Posters

    1. Spatiotemporally regulated expression of membrane-bound interleukin 12 (mbIL12) for armored adoptive cell therapy (ACT) shows strong antitumor activity in syngeneic solid tumor models without overt toxicity [AACR 2025]

    2. Antigen-responsive promoters coupled with cytoDRiVE® technology provides tight spatiotemporal regulation for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressing membrane-bound IL12 (mbIL12) [SITC 2024]

    3. Reversible reprogramming of primary human fibroblasts by regulation of Yamanaka factor expression using cytoDRiVE® technology and an FDA-approved small-molecule drug [MSB 2024]

    4. cytoDRiVE® technology coupled with NFAT-responsive promoters provides spatial and temporal regulation of potent cytokines in T cells using FDA-approved drugs [Keystone 2024]

    5. Pharmacologically-controlled expression of membrane-bound IL-12 results in T-cell therapy with enhanced potency in preclinical solid tumor models [SITC 2022]

    6. Enhancers of innate and adaptive immunity combine with membrane bound IL15 to increase the efficacy of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy for tumors with immunosuppressive microenvironments [SITC 2022]

    7. Armoring T-cells with regulatable, membrane tethered cytokines using improved drug-responsive domain cytoDRiVE™technology [ASGTC 2022]

    8. Novel drug-responsive domain (DRD)-based regulation technology enables tightly controlled activity of potent membrane-bound IL-12 in adoptive cell therapies [AACR 2022]

  • Ovarian cancer remains one of the hardest solid tumors to treat, where durable responses are rare. This work at MIT focused on making better immunotherapy for ovarian tumor through better models and smarter delivery. In collaboration with Sonia Iyer – an incredible PostDoc in Bob Weinberg’s lab - I explored the immune microenvironment of genetically defined syngeneic mouse models built by Sonia. We mapped combination-therapy opportunities and resistance biology to guide rational immuno-oncology pairings. From a delivery perspective I worked with Tony Barberio to engineer tumor-targeted “cell-cancer–coating” liposomal nanoparticle to deliver cytokines such as IL-12 to tumors, improving localization, safety, and antitumor potency. Together, these studies link mechanism, models and materials, advancing a translational path for combination immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.

    1. Barberio AE*, Smith SG*, et al. Layer-by-layer interleukin-12 nanoparticles drive a safe and effective response in ovarian cancer. Bioengineering and Translational Medicine (2023)

    2. Iyer S, Zhang S, Yucel S, Horn H, Smith SG, Reinhardt F, Hoefsmit E, Assatova B, Casado J, Meinsohn MC, Barrasa I, George B, Pathania S, Hammond PT, Neel BG, A Färkkilä, Pepin D, Weinberg RA Genetically Defined Syngeneic Mouse Models of Ovarian Cancer as Tools for the Discovery of Combination Immunotherapy. Cancer Discovery (2020)

    3. Barberio AE, Smith SG, Correa S, Ngyun C, Melo M, Tokatlian T, Suh H, Irvine DJ, Hammond PT. Cell Cancer Coating Nanoparticles for Optimal Tumor-Specific Cytokine Delivery. ACS Nano (2020)

    4. Correa S, Boehnke N, Barberio AE, Deiss-Yehiely E, Shi A, Oberlton B, Smith SG, Dreaden EC, Hammond PT. Tuning nanoparticle interactions with ovarian cancer through layer-by-layer modification of surface chemistry. ACS Nano (2020).

  • Gene therapy for sickle cell disease is curative, but inaccessible to most of the world due to the need for ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells. I led a project funded by the Gate’s Foundation during my time at MIT seeing if we could reach the stem cells in the body using targeted lipid nanoparticles - with the long term goal of expanding patient access. I did early work showing that we could conjugate polymer layered liposomal nanoparticles with targeting antibodies and increase targeting in vivo. This generated enough interest to get follow-on funding, but I ultimately left that work to a talented Postdoc (Tamara Dacoba) and PhD student (Namita Nabar) who advanced the concept to two publications. To be clear, these are not my publications, but did came from groundwork I laid. I share them here to demonstrate my continued interest and expertise in the field of targeted LNPs.

    1. Dacoba, T. G.; Nabar, N.; Hammond, P. T. Modular Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle Platform for Hematopoietic Progenitor and Stem Cell Targeting. ACS Nano. (2025)

    2. Nabar, N.; Dacoba, T. G.; Covarrubias, G.; Romero-Cruz, D.; Hammond, P. T. Electrostatic adsorption of polyanions onto lipid nanoparticles controls uptake, trafficking, and transfection of RNA and DNA therapies. PNAS. (2024)

  • Bladder cancer affects ~600,000 people globally each year, and most cases present as non-muscle invasive disease (NMIBC). For more than four decades, intravesical BCG has been the standard of care—effective for many, but limited by high rates of failure and recurrence. My work explores a more targeted immunologic approach: local delivery of interleukin-12 (IL-12) to drive antitumor immunity with the potential for longer-term protection. Using chitosan, a readily available mucoadhesive biopolymer, we improved IL-12 retention and urothelial penetration in the bladder to enhance pharmacology and durability. I remain interested in advancing intravesical immunotherapy. In particular I am interested in leveraging urology’s established, frequent instillation workflows to test timing, sequencing, and next-generation modalities (including gene therapies) that may be too toxic systemically but are well-suited to local delivery.

    1. Smith SG, Baltz JL, Koppolu BP, Ravindranathan S, Nguyen K, Zaharoff DA. Immunological Mechanisms of Intravesical Chitosan/Interleukin-12 Immunotherapy Against Murine Bladder Cancer. OncoImmunology (2016)

    2. Smith SG, Zaharoff DA Future Directions in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: Towards Adaptive Immunity. Immunotherapy (2016)

    3. Smith SG, Koppolu BP, Ravindranathan S, Kurtz SL, Yang L, Katz MD, Zaharoff DA. Intravesical Treatment of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer with Chitosan/Interleukin-12 Induces Systemic Tumor-Specific Immunity. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy (2015)

  • The bladder is the least permeable membrane in the human body which presents an opportunity for delivery of toxic compounds directly into the bladder to treat cancer, but also includes challenges in terms of allowing those agents to best perform their activity. This study used modeling to see if simple changes to instillation protocol could help therapeutic agents penetrate deeper into the bladder wall.

    1. Smith SG, Griffith BE, Zaharoff, DA. Analyzing the Effects of Instillation Volume on Intravesical Delivery using Biphasic Solute Transport in a Deformable Geometry. Mathematical Medicine and Biology (2019).